Affect on Dopamine, Seratonin, and Endogenous Opiates (BAC ~ .01--.05 g/dL)
Dopamine simulates pleasure centers and functions in positive reinforcement
- alcohol increases Dopamine concentrations in nucleus acumbens and other reward centers
Seratonin as a behavioral inhibitor
- alcohol decreases serotonin activity leading to increased impulsivity and aggressiveness in particular parts of the brain
Seratonin as antidepressant
- in other parts of the brain, seratonin activity is increased elevating motivation and self confidence (similar to Prozac)
Endorphins and Enkephalins are natural neural peptides that bind to opiate receptors and produce euphoric effects.
- Endorphins and Enkephalins are released by the brain when exposed to alcohol
- Euphoria seems to stimulate further drinking