Affect on Dopamine, Seratonin, and Endogenous Opiates (>.01-.05 BAC)
Dopamine simulates pleasure centers and functions in positive reinforcement
- alcohol increases Dopamine concentrations in nucleus acumbens and other reward centers
Serotonin functions as a behavioral inhibitor
- alcohol decreases serotonin activity leading to increased impulsivity and aggressiveness
Endorphins and Enkephalins are natural neural peptides that bind to opiate receptors and produce euphoric effects.
- Endorphins and Enkephalins are released by the brain when exposed to alcohol
- Euphoria seems to stimulate further drinking
SOURCE: Eighth Special Report to the US Congress on Alcohol and Health, US Dept. of HHS (1993), p 86-94