Effect of Chronic Use
Tolerance
- Functional Tolerance -- changes in GABA receptors
- Acute Tolerance -- occurs within a drinking session
- Metabolic Tolerance
- ...
Withdrawal
- increased Anxiety within hours -- GABA
- seizures -- GABA
Dependence
- changes in Dopamine and Serotonin function appear to be long lasting
SOURCE: Eighth Special Report to the US Congress on Alcohol and Health, US Dept. of HHS (1993), p 94-100
Alcohol Alert, 28, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, (1995)